Appendix A




Table A.1 – The consonants of German
 Segment  Word-initial  Word-internal  Word-final
 
[p] 
 
[panə] <Panne> ‘breakdown’ 
 [ʔoːpa] <Opa> ‘grandpa’ 
 
 [zalɔp] <salopp> ‘casual’ 
[b] 
[bal] ‘ball’ 
[fiːbɐ] <Fieber> ‘fever’ 
 [t] 
 [taɪ̯l] <Teil> ‘part’ 
 [matə] <Matte> ‘mat’ 
 [mɪt] <mit> ‘with’ 
 [d] 
 [daŋk] <Dank> ‘thanks’ 
 [ʔoːdɐ] <oder> ‘or’ 
 [k] 
 [kɔnto] <Konto> ‘account’ 
 [bakən] <backen> ‘to bake’ 
 [ʃmʊk] <Schmuck> ‘jewelry’ 
 [g] 
 [gasə] <Gasse> ‘alley’ 
 [laːgɐ] <Lager> ‘camp’ 
 [ʔ] 
 [ʔaːnʊŋ] <Ahnung> ‘hunch’ 
 [fɛɐ̯ʔaltən] <veralten> ‘to become 
 [m] 
 [mʊnt] <Mund> ‘mouth’ 
 [hɪməl] <Himmel> ‘heaven’ 
 [baʊ̯m] <Baum> ‘tree’ 
 [n] 
 [naːzə] <Nase> ‘nose’ 
 [tɔnə] <Tonne> ‘barrel’ 
 [viːn] <Wien> ‘Vienna’ 
 [ŋ] 
 [jʊŋə] <Junge> ‘boy’ 
 [ʔɛŋ] <eng> ‘tight’ 
 [r] 
 [rɔlə] <Rolle> ‘role’ 
 [leːrə] <Lehre> ‘lesson’ 
 [ʀ] 
 [ʀɔlə] <Rolle> ‘role’ 
 [leːʀə] <Lehre> ‘lesson’ 
 [f] 
 [fɛt] <fett> ‘fat’ 
 [ʔoːfən] <Ofen> ‘oven’ 
 [laʊ̯f] <Lauf> ‘run’ 
 [v] 
 [van] <wann> ‘when’ 
 [løːvə] <Löwe> ‘lion’ 
 [s] 
 [skaːla] <Skala> ‘scale’ 
[vasɐ] <Wasser> ‘water’ 
 [haʊ̯s] <Haus> ‘house’ 
 [z] 
 [zeː] <See> ‘lake’ 
 [niːzən] <niesen> ‘to sneeze’ 
 [ʃ] 
 [ʃøːn] <schön> ‘beautiful’ 
 [flaʃə] <Flasche> ‘bottle’ 
 [flaɪ̯ʃ] <Fleisch> ‘meat’ 
 [ʒ] 
 [ʒeniː] <Genie> ‘genius’ 
 [ʔetaːʒə] <Etage> ‘floor’ 
 [ç] 
 [çiːna] <China> ‘China’ 
 [tsaɪ̯çən] <Zeichen> ‘sign’ 
 [ʔɪç] <ich> ‘I’ 
 [x] 
 [maxən] <machen> ‘to make’ 
 [buːx] <Buch> ‘book’ 
 [ʁ] 
 [ʁɔlə] <Rolle> ‘role’ 
 [leːʁə] <Lehre> ‘lesson’ 
 [h] 
 [hɔɪ̯tə] <heute> ‘today’ 
 [gəhaɪ̯m] <geheim> ‘secret’ 
 [j] 
 [jaː] <ja> ‘yes’ 
 [kaːjak] <Kajak> ‘kayak’ 
 [l] 
 [laxən] <lachen> ‘to laugh’ 
 [ʃuːlə] <Schule> ‘school’ 
 [fɔl] <voll> ‘full’ 

 

Table A.2 – The vowels of German
Segment Example
 
[iː]
 
[miːtə] <Miete> ‘rent’
 
[ɪ]
 
[mɪtə] <Mitte> ‘middle’
 
[yː]
 
[byːnə] <Bühne> ‘stage’
 
[ʏ]
 
[kʏstə] <Küste> ‘coast’
 
[eː]
 
[ʃteːlən] <stehlen> ‘to steal’
 
[ɛ]
 
[ʃtɛlən] <stellen> ‘to place’
 
[ɛː]
 
[gɛːbə] <gäbe> ‘would give’
 
[øː]
 
[løːzən] <lösen> ‘to solve’
 
[œ]
[kœnən] <können> ‘to be able to’
 
[ə]
 
[zɔnə] <Sonne> ‘sun’
 
[ɐ]
 
[ʔoːpɐ] <Oper> ‘opera’
 
[aː]
 
[ʃtaːt] <Staat> ‘state’
 
[a]
 
[ʃtat] <Stadt> ‘city’
 
[uː]
 
[ʃpuːkən] <spuken> ‘to haunt’
 
[ʊ]
 
[ʃpʊkən] <spucken> ‘to spit’
 
[oː]
 
[ʔoːfən] <Ofen> ‘oven’
 
[ɔ]
 
[ʔɔfən] <offen> ‘open’
 
[aɪ̯]
 
[naɪ̯n] <nein> ‘no’
 
[aʊ̯]
 
[bʁaʊ̯n] <braun> ‘brown’
[ɔɪ̯]
 
[nɔɪ̯n] <neun> ‘nine’